Internet of Things

"IoT systems are end-to-end systems consisting of four basic architectural elements that tend to be pretty much identical in all IoT solutions. (1) Devices are the physical hardware elements that collect sensor data and might perform actuation. (2) Gateways collect, preprocess, and transfer sensor data from devices and might deliver actuation requests from the cloud to devices. (3) The cloud platform — usually offered as a software-as-a-service solution—has a number of important roles, including data acquisition, data analytics, and device management and actuation. (4) Applications range from simple web-based data visualization dashboards to highly domain-specific mobile apps." (A. Taivalsaari, T. Mikkonen, 2018)